JDK stands for Java Development Kit and is a core component that provides all the tools required for Java development. JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment which provides the libraries, Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and other components to run applications written in Java. JVM is a part of JRE, it interprets and executes Java bytecode.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects, which can contain data and code to manipulate the data. The main principles of OOP are Encapsulation, Abstraction, Inheritance, and Polymorphism.

Java handles memory management through its built-in garbage collection mechanism. Java objects are created in the heap, and the garbage collector automatically deallocates memory by removing objects that are no longer in use, ensuring efficient memory use and preventing memory leaks.

The 'static' keyword in Java is used to indicate that a particular member (variable or method) belongs to the class itself rather than to instances of the class. This means static members can be accessed without creating an instance of the class.

Exceptions in Java are events that disrupt the normal flow of execution. Checked exceptions are exceptions that are checked at compile-time, and the programmer is required to handle them, e.g., IOException. Unchecked exceptions are checked at runtime and do not need to be declared or caught, e.g., NullPointerException.

Java Generics enable types (classes and interfaces) to be parameters when defining classes, interfaces, and methods. They provide a way to re-use the same code with different data types and provide compile-time type safety, which prevents ClassCastException at runtime.